Main page MOLECULAR  GALLERY
 

How do molecules really look like?  Blobs of play dough?  Balls on springs?  ...

Individual molecules are so small that we cannot see them directly (i.e. their shapes  cannot be examined with  visible light).  Based on experiments and  quantum computations chemists have devised  many methods to visualize molecules.  The methods (models) usually emphasize specific aspects of molecular structure (the "focus" of interest), neglecting other  points of view.

We are interested in molecular shapes (how are the nuclei disposed in space) and electron distribution around the nuclei (how do they control  chemical reactivity).  The pictures in our gallery are supposed to visualize these aspects of electronic structure.  Of course, these are only MODELS: the colors are artificial, but nice to look at.

Let's examine several molecules.  Look up there....  See, an electron flew by...

 

Atomic orbitals

Hybridization

CO
 Molecular orbitals

O2 and N2

π systems

 


Methane

Ethylene

   


Propene

Acetylene

Benzene

Formaldehyde

Carboxylate

Butadiene

 


t-Butyl Cation

Allyl

Bromonium Ion

 

   
Molecular Gallery Last updated 06/07/07 Copyright 1997-2008
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